Understanding the Evolution: MME vs. AMF

As we transition from 4G to 5G, the architecture of the core network has undergone significant changes to meet the demands of next-generation connectivity. A key comparison lies between the MME (Mobility Management Entity) in 4G and the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) in 5G.

Hereโ€™s how these two nodes differ while sharing some core functionalities:

  • Similarities:

    • Both manage UE registration, mobility, and session establishment.
    • Handle authentication by interfacing with relevant subscription and authentication systems (HSS in 4G vs. AUSF/UDM in 5G).
    • Initiate paging for idle UEs to deliver data or notifications.
    • Maintain strong interaction with the RAN (eNodeB in 4G, gNodeB in 5G).
  • Key Differences:

    1. Session Management:
      In 4G, the MME partially manages sessions, working closely with the SGW/PGW.
      In 5G, this responsibility is shifted to the SMF (Session Management Function), allowing the AMF to focus exclusively on signaling and mobility.

    2. Network Slicing:
      AMF supports network slicing, enabling differentiated services within the same network infrastructureโ€”something MME doesnโ€™t handle.

    3. Service-Based Architecture:
      AMF operates in a service-based architecture with RESTful APIs, while MME relies on more traditional interfaces.

  • Takeaway:
    The AMF represents a modular and scalable approach, aligning with 5Gโ€™s design to handle diverse use cases like IoT, enhanced mobile broadband, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. Meanwhile, the MME reflects the centralized nature of 4G EPC.

The transition from MME to AMF is a testament to the industryโ€™s commitment to creating a flexible, efficient, and future-proof network architecture.

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