The 5G Core Network is built on a diverse set of protocols that enable seamless communication and advanced capabilities. Let’s break it down into structured categories:
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Control Plane Protocols
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SBI (Service-Based Interfaces): Supports service-based communication between network functions.
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NGAP (Next Generation Application Protocol): Manages signaling between the gNB and the core network.
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NAS (Non-Access Stratum Protocol): Handles control messages between the user device and core.
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PFCP (Packet Forwarding Control Protocol): Enables control of user plane functions and sessions.
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User Plane Protocols
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GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol – User Plane): Ensures efficient data transfer.
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HTTP/2: Optimized communication for service-based architecture.
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UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Ensures low-latency data transmission.
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Transport and Connectivity Protocols
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IP (Internet Protocol): Core protocol for routing data.
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TLS (Transport Layer Security): Secures data communication.
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): Manages routing between different networks.
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DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
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Other Key Protocols
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Diameter Protocol: Handles authentication, authorization, and accounting.
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SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol): Ensures reliable signaling transmission.
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MQTT: Lightweight messaging protocol for IoT devices.
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- Why These Protocols Matter:
Each protocol plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, scalability, and security of 5G networks. From managing control signals to enabling ultra-fast data transfer, these protocols are the backbone of 5G connectivity.
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