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Indoor Unit (IDU)
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Function: Processes baseband signals and converts them to Intermediate Frequency (IF).
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Purpose: Acts as the central control unit for modulation/demodulation and network interfacing
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Outdoor Unit (ODU)
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Function: Converts IF signals from the IDU to Radio Frequency (RF) for transmission.
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Purpose: Mounted near the antenna to reduce signal loss and amplify RF signals
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Antenna
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Function: Radiates and receives microwave signals.
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Types:
- Parabolic Dish Antenna (high gain for long distances).
- Flat Panel Antenna (compact for short links).
- Grid Antenna (lighter, used in medium-range links)
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IF Cable (Intermediate Frequency Cable)
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Function: Connects the IDU to the ODU, carrying IF signals and DC power.
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Purpose: Ensures seamless communication between indoor and outdoor units
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Coupler
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Function: Splits or combines microwave signals with minimal loss.
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Purpose: Allows signal redundancy or distribution for multiple ODUs
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Orthomode Transducer (OMT)
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Function: Combines and separates signals of two polarizations (vertical and horizontal).
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Purpose: Increases link capacity without increasing spectrum usage
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Waveguide
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Function: Carries RF signals between the ODU and antenna with low signal loss.
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Purpose: Used in high-frequency setups to maintain signal integrity
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Power Supply Unit (PSU)
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Function: Provides DC power to the IDU and ODU.
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Purpose: Ensures continuous operation of the system, often includes battery backup
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Alignment Tools
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Function: Ensures precise antenna alignment for optimal signal performance.
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Types: GPS-based tools, optical alignment scopes, signal analyzers
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E-Band Radio (70/80 GHz)
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Function: Provides ultra-high-capacity short-range links.
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Purpose: Ideal for urban backhaul and data center connections with multi-Gbps capacity
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Universal Backhaul Radio (UBR)
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Function: Multi-band radio for wireless backhaul applications.
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Purpose: Provides connectivity across various frequency bands (6–42 GHz)
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Network Management System (NMS)
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Function: Software to monitor and manage the microwave link.
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Purpose: Enables real-time performance tracking and fault detection
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Mounting Hardware
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Function: Secures antennas and ODUs to towers, rooftops, or poles.
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Types: Brackets, clamps, and mounting kits for stability and alignment
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Surge Protector
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Function: Protects the microwave link equipment from lightning strikes and power surges.
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Purpose: Ensures system safety and reliability
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Safety Rod
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Installed at the highest point of the antenna structure (towers, poles, rooftops).
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Used in microwave communication systems, especially in areas prone to thunderstorms.
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