Does beamforming always use MU-MIMO in 5G?

Yes both but remember without activation of MU-MIMO it will not work.
Default always SU-MIMO.

Yes.
Normally what is recommended?
Should we enable MU-MIMO?

For high Traffic with PRB utilization average over 80%.

Yes for PRB saving recommend, but Throughput can dip.
Seen with MU-MIMO big struggle to get user Throughput gain.
Pre/post kpi’s need to capture carefully to show gain.

So when MU-MIMO is not enabled, PDSCH/PDCCH resources will be divided among the beams?

Here are some god stats for LTE 16 PDSCH layers: Max number of DL PDSCH layers for MU-MIMO spatial multiplexing in a cell with high traffic.
Very difficult to pair 8 UEs for 16 PDSCH layers.

Yes sharing not there.
PDCCH resources not paired.
PRB multiplexing there.

Almost impossible.

We’ve done it, but required huge efforts.

For 16 PDSCH you need each 8 users stay a in single beam out of 8 beams.
Also need to be very close to gNB.

Sorry, didn’t understand.

I mean without MU-MIMO sharing not there.
With MU-MIMO PRB multiplexing there.
For PDCCH resources not sure sharing there or not.

Huawei has Mu-MIMO for PDCCH as well.
4 layers for PDCCH.
In 5G I mean.

Please give brief for PDCCH MU-MIMO.
How it works?
Algorithm and criteria.

I am also struggling to understand how you can have 4 PDCCH layers with 16 PDSCH layers for 8 users, each one in a different beam…

What’s this PDCCH layers?

4 PDCCH layers simultaneously for MU-MIMO.
For increasing PDCCH capacity.

This is how you need to spread the 5G users to achieve 16 PDSCH layers:

Answer is that pdcch beams are larges than pdsch beams
So you can have 4 pdcch beams to cover all 16 pdsch layers
So in a single slot Huawei is ablte to fetch 4 pdcch layers and 16 pdsch layers if 8 users can be paired for MU-MIMO scenario.

I read that some vendor are currently advertising 24 DL Layers…
Do you know which vendor?
Is it 4G or 5G?

4G Huawei has feature DL 24 layers.

And do you see in stats such a high number anywhere?
I found difficult even for 16 layers.

About 6 months ago, it was trial feature, now it is mature.
Yes, very few 16 layers MU-MIMO.
Recently Ericsson and T-mobile record 8 UE MU-MIMO 5G throughput total 5.6 Gbps.
They said theory is 5.9 Gbps.