To enable international communication and data exchange, there are several ways to transmit traffic between countries:
1. Satellite Communication
- Uses orbiting satellites to relay signals across long distances.
- Challenges: High latency, limited bandwidth, vulnerability to weather interference, and high deployment costs.
2. Terrestrial Links
- Involves land-based cables and transmission lines that cross borders.
- Challenges: Difficult terrain, legal and regulatory hurdles for cross-border cable deployment, and potential latency issues.
3. Submarine Cables
- Utilizes undersea optical fiber cables capable of transmitting data at high speeds over thousands of kilometers.
- Offers low latency and supports long distances, with or without the use of repeaters.
This method relies on SLTE (Subsea Line Terminal Equipment) – specialized systems installed at landing stations to manage the transmission and reception of data over submarine cables.
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