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Attenuation is the amount of light loss from input to output.
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Attenuation can be classified to intrinsic and extrinsic.
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Intrinsic attenuation is absorption of light energy and scattering.
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Intrinsic depends on the fiber impurities.
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Extrinsic attenuation is the fiber bending , strees from manufacturing and other environmental factors.
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Total link loss = fiber loss + connectors loss + splice loss.
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Fiber loss = 10 log output power / input power.
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Fiber attenuation represented in db./ km.
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Attenuation can be from 0.2-0.3 db / km in SMF ( single mode ) G652 for C band ( 1550 nm ) as an example.
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Fiber loss depends on fiber length , fiber type and wavelength of signal.
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All passive equipments like attenuators and dispersion compensation devices can Introduce insertion loss.
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DCM is dispersion compensation modules, it’s used to solve pulse broadening issue.
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dispersion can be chromatic or polarization.
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dispersion value can be expressed by
PS / km.nm
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