You can find a nice overview here:
Or a full explanation base on 3GPP here:
http://sharetechnote.com/html/LTE_Advanced_MAC.html
3GPP TS 36.321 V11.1.0 section 6.1.3.8 "Activation/Deactivation MAC Control Element…
The eNodeB delivers a MAC CE to activate a configured SCell UL or DL traffic volume.
For DL the eNodeB determine that the CA UE has met the DL traffic:
*Data volume buffered at the RLC>,
- Delay of the first RLC protocol data unit PDU>
For UL: - The report UL buffer status is greater than the threshold specific;
- Transmission time interval
For Deactivation
- Traffic volume <
- Channel quality
- Residual block errors